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Alessandro VoltaR. D. Banerji, an officer of the ASI, visited Mohenjo-daro in 1919–1920, and again in 1922–1923, postulating the site's far-off antiquity
John Marshall, the director-general of the ASI from 1902–1928, who oversaw the excavations in Harappa and Mohenjo daro, shown in a 1906 photograph.
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Notable people from Crete include:
- Nikos Kazantzakis, author, born in Heraklion, 7 times suggested for the Nobel Prize
- Odysseas Elytis, poet, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1979, born in Heraklion[90]
- Georgios Chortatzis, Renaissance author
- Vitsentzos Kornaros, Renaissance author from Sitia, who lived in Heraklion (then Candia)
- Domenikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco), Renaissance artist, born in Heraklion
- Nikos Xilouris, famous composer and singer.
- Psarantonis, Cretan folk singer and Cretan lyra player and brother of Nikos Xilouris.
- Nana Mouskouri, singer, born in Chania
- Eleftherios Venizelos, former Greek Prime Minister, born in Chania Prefecture
- Konstantinos Mitsotakis, nephew of Eleftherios Venizelos and Prime Minister of Greece.
- Daskalogiannis, leader of the Orlov Revolt in Crete in 1770
- Michalis Kourmoulis, leader of the Greek War of Independence from Messara.
- Eleni Daniilidou, tennis player, born in Chania
- Louis Tikas, Greek-American labor union leader
- Kostis Fragoulis, poet, fiction writer, and journalist, born in Lastros
- Tess Fragoulis, Greek-Canadian writer, born in Heraklion
- Nick Dandolos, a.k.a. Nick the Greek, professional gambler and high roller
- Joseph Sifakis, a computer scientist, laureate of the 2007 Turing Award, born in Heraklion in 1946
- Constantinos Daskalakis, Associate Professor at MIT's Electrical Engineering and Computer Science department.
- George Karniadakis, Professor of Applied Mathematics at Brown University; also Research Scientist at MIT
- John Aniston (Giannis Anastasakis), Greek-American actor, father of Jennifer Aniston
- George Psychoundakis, a shepherd, a war hero and an author.
- Ahmed Resmî Efendi: 18th-century Ottoman statesman, diplomat and author (notably of two sefâretnâme). Turkey's first ever ambassador in Berlin[91] (during Frederick the Great's reign). He was born into a Muslim family of Greek descent in the Cretan town of Rethymno in the year 1700.[92][93][94][95]
- Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi: Turkey's third ambassador in Berlin and arguably the first Turkish author to have written in novelistic form.
- Al-Husayn I ibn Ali at-Turki – founder of the Husainid Dynasty, which ruled Tunisia until 1957.
- Salacıoğlu (1750 Hanya – 1825 Kandiye): One of the most important 18th-century poets of Turkish folk literature.
- Giritli Sırrı Pasha: Ottoman administrator, Leyla Saz's husband and a notable man of letters in his own right.
- Vedat Tek: Representative figure of the First National Architecture Movement in Turkish architecture, son of Leyla Saz and Giritli Sırrı Pasha.
- Paul Mulla (alias Mollazade Mehmed Ali): born Muslim, converted to Christianity and becoming a Roman Catholic bishop and author.
- Rahmizâde Bahaeddin Bediz: The first Turkish photographer by profession. The thousands of photographs he took, based as of 1895 successively in Crete, İzmir, İstanbul and Ankara (as Head of the Photography Department of Turkish Historical Society), have immense historical value.
- Salih Zeki: Turkish photographer in Chania[96]
- Ali Nayip Zade: Associate of Eleftherios Venizelos, Prefect of Drama and Kavala, Adrianople, and Lasithi.
- Ismail Fazil Pasha: (1856–1921) descended from the rooted Cebecioğlu family of Söke who had settled in Crete.[97] He has been the first Minister of Public Works in the government of Grand National Assembly in 1920. He was the father of Ali Fuad and Mehmed Ali.
- Mehmet Atıf Ateşdağlı: (1876–1947) Turkish officer.
- Mustafa Ertuğrul Aker: (1892–1961) Turkish officer who sank HMS Ben-my-Chree.
- Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı, alias Halikarnas Balıkçısı (The Fisherman of Halicarnassus), writer, although born in Crete and has often let himself be cited as Cretan, descends from a family of Ottoman aristocracy with roots in Afyonkarahisar. His father had been an Ottoman High Commissioner in Crete and later ambassador in Athens. *Likewise, as stated above, Mustafa Naili Pasha was Albanian/Egyptian.[98]
- Bülent Arınç (born. 25 May 1948) has been a Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey since 2009. He is of Cretan Muslim heritage with his ancestors arriving to Turkey as Cretan refugees during the time of Sultan Abdul Hamid II[99] and is fluent in Cretan Greek.[100] Arınç is a proponent of wanting to reconvert the Hagia Sophia into a mosque, which has caused diplomatic protestations from Greece.[101]
- Yoseph Shlomo Delmedigo, renaissance rabbi, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher.
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